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Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is a revolutionary non-surgical radiation treatment used to treat tumors in the brain and spine. Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) is used to treat other parts of the body. SRS and SBRT deliver a potent, highly focused dose of radiation to the tumor(s) while sparing the surrounding normal tissues. This ultra precise way of delivering radiation offers an alternative for patients who are not candidates for conventional surgery.
Higher doses focused on the target cause tumors to shrink by damaging the targeted cells. The damaged cells lose their ability to grow and reproduce. SRS and SBRT is delivered in as little as one to five days as compared to the standard six to eight weeks of traditional therapy.
Although SRS and SBRT use similar principles, the terminology generally depends on the area of the body being treated.
Despite its name, SRS does not involve traditional surgery or an incision. It is a highly precise form of radiation therapy most commonly used to treat certain tumors and abnormalities in the brain.
SRS delivers focused radiation to a carefully defined target while helping protect nearby healthy brain tissue. Treatment may be completed in a single session or over a small number of sessions depending on the individual treatment plan.
SBRT uses similar precision to treat certain tumors outside of the brain. Advanced imaging and treatment planning allow radiation to be delivered accurately to the treatment area while limiting exposure to nearby healthy organs and tissues.
Depending on the diagnosis and treatment plan, SBRT may be used for tumors in areas such as the lung, liver, spine, prostate, or other parts of the body.
SRS and SBRT allow physicians to deliver highly focused radiation treatments with exceptional precision.
Potential benefits may include:
Highly Focused Treatment — Radiation is carefully shaped and directed toward a defined treatment area.
Fewer Treatment Sessions — SRS and SBRT are often delivered over fewer sessions than many conventional radiation therapy schedules.
Non-Invasive Treatment — Treatment does not require a traditional surgical incision.
Protection of Healthy Tissue — Precise targeting helps limit unnecessary radiation exposure to surrounding healthy tissues and organs.
Outpatient Treatment — Treatment is typically performed without an overnight hospital stay.
Personalized Treatment Planning — Every treatment is designed around the size, shape, location, and characteristics of the area being treated.
Not every patient or tumor is appropriate for SRS or SBRT. Your radiation oncologist will determine whether stereotactic treatment is an appropriate option based on your diagnosis and individual needs.
Every patient’s treatment is different, but understanding the process can help you feel more prepared.
Treatment Planning
Before treatment begins, you’ll undergo detailed imaging to identify the exact location, size, and shape of the treatment area. A planning CT scan is commonly used, and additional imaging may be incorporated when appropriate.
Your radiation oncology team uses these images to develop an individualized treatment plan that determines precisely where and how radiation will be delivered.
Positioning & Preparation
Accurate positioning is especially important during stereotactic radiation therapy.
Depending on the area being treated, your team may use a customized positioning or immobilization device to help you remain comfortably in the same position during each treatment.
For treatments involving the brain or head, this may include a custom-fitted mask.
During Treatment
Your radiation therapists will carefully position you on the treatment table and verify that everything is properly aligned before treatment begins.
The therapists will then leave the treatment room while continuing to see, hear, and monitor you throughout treatment.
The treatment machine may move around you to deliver radiation from different angles. You will not see or feel the radiation itself.
Treatment time can vary depending on the treatment area and plan. Your care team will explain what to expect before your first session.
After Treatment
SRS and SBRT do not require surgical incisions, and patients are generally able to leave the treatment center after their appointment.
Side effects vary depending on the area being treated, radiation dose, and individual patient. Your care team will explain potential side effects before treatment and monitor you throughout your care and follow-up.